The auto-ignition temperatures of hydrogen and natural gas are very similar. The auto-ignition temperature of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite without the presence of a flame or spark. For safety, hydrogen tanks are equipped with pressure relief devices that will prevent the pressures in the tanks from becoming too high. In order to store sufficient quantities of hydrogen gas, it's compressed and stored at high pressures. Hydrogen has a high energy content by weight, but not by volume, which is a particular challenge for storage. Proper ventilation and the use of detection sensors can mitigate these hazards. In a closed environment, leaks of any size are a concern, since hydrogen is impossible for human senses to detect and can ignite over a wide range of concentrations in air, as discussed in the section below. Any gas other than oxygen is an asphyxiant in sufficient concentrations. In a confined space, leaking hydrogen can accumulate and reach a flammable concentration. Hydrogen is a very small molecule with low viscosity, and therefore prone to leakage. This is a safety advantage in an outside environment. This means that if it is released in an open environment, it will typically rise and disperse rapidly. Hydrogen is about 57 times lighter than gasoline vapor (as shown in Figure 1) and 14 times lighter than air. Current odorants also contaminate fuel cells, which are an important application for hydrogen. Currently, odorants are not used with hydrogen because there are no known odorants light enough to "travel with" hydrogen at the same dispersion rate. Natural gas and propane are also odorless, but industry adds a sulfur-containing odorant so people can detect them.
Hydrogen is the lightest and smallest element, and it is a gas under atmospheric conditions. It’s also non-corrosive, but it can embrittle some metals. Hydrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and non-poisonous. Comparisons of the characteristics of hydrogen and many other fuels.īar charts presented in the following sections compare some key properties of hydrogen with those of several commonly used fuels - natural gas, propane, and gasoline vapor.Chemical characteristics of hydrogen (e.g., density, flammability range, boiling point characteristics, heating values).provides useful data on hydrogen properties, including: Department of Energy, the Hydrogen Data Book. It can be used as safely as other common fuels when simple guidelines are followed.
Like gasoline or natural gas, hydrogen is a fuel that must be handled properly. Indoor Refueling of Hydrogen-Powered Industrial Trucks.Gaseous (GH2) and Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) Fueling Stations.Chemical and Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage.Small-Capacity Hydrogen Generators for Laboratory Use.
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